Pandnāmah — Volume 4 of 8
Sections 25–39 · Couplets 315–420 This volume gathers short sections about virtues, harmful habits, advice, and their consequences. Each section stays whole; its numbered examples remain in the order of the Persian text.
Primary source The supplied 32-page Persian scan, printed pages 14–18 for this volume. The complete Persian Word transcription and the corresponding Ganjoor sections are comparison aids; material readings appear in the editorial guide.
Reading order Each numbered unit gives a vocalized Persian couplet, Latin transliteration, and modern English translation. The divider │ separates its two hemistichs. The small number on the Latin line gives section.couplet and global couplet.
دَر بَیانِ چار خَصْلَت کِه مَردُم را نیکوسْت
25 Four Beneficial Qualities
بَر هَمِه کَس نیک باشَد چار چیز │ با تُو گویَم، یاد گیرَش اِی عَزیز
25.01 315 Bar hame kas nīk bāshad chār chīz │ bā to gūyam, yād gīrash ey ʿazīz
Four things are good in anyone; I will name them, dear one, so remember them.
اَوَّل آن باشَد کِه باشی دادگَر │ هَم زِ عَقْلِ خویش باشی باخَبَر
25.02 316 Avval ān bāshad ke bāshī dādgar │ ham ze ʿaql-e khwīsh bāshī bākhabar
First, be just, and keep your own judgment awake.
با شِکیبایی تَقَرُّب کَردَنَسْت │ حُرْمَتِ مَردُم بِه جای آوَردَنَسْت
25.03 317 Bā shekībāyī taqarrub kardanast │ ḥormat-e mardom be jāy āvardanast
Draw close with patience, and show people the respect they are due.
دَر صِفَتِ اَخْلاقِ ذَمیمِه
26 Blameworthy Traits
چار چیزِ دیگَر، اِی نیکوسِرِشْت │ هَسْت اَز جُمْلِهٔ خَلایِق نیک زِشْت
26.01 318 Chār chīz-e dīgar, ey nīkū-seresht │ hast az jomle-ye khalāyeq nīk zesht
Four other traits, good-natured friend, are deeply ugly in the eyes of others.
زآن چَهار اَوَّل حَسَد، کینی بُوَد │ زآن گُذَشْتی، عُجْب و خُودبینی بُوَد
26.02 319 Zān chahār avval ḥasad, kīnī bovad │ zān gozashtī, ʿojb-o khodbīnī bovad
First come envy and malice; after them come conceit and self-importance.
خَشْمِ خُود دیگَر فُرو ناخوردَنَسْت │ خَصْلَتِ چارُم بَخیلی کَردَنَسْت
26.03 320 Khashm-e khod dīgar forū nākhordanast │ khaṣlat-e chārom bakhīlī kardanast
Then comes failure to master one's anger; the fourth fault is stinginess.
اِی پِسَر، کَم گَرد گِردِ این خِصال │ اَز بَرایِ زآنکِه زِشْتَسْت این فِعال
26.04 321 Ey pesar, kam gard gerd-e īn kheṣāl │ az barā-ye zānke zeshtast īn feʿāl
My son, keep clear of these traits, for such conduct is ugly.
غِلّ و غِش بِگُذار، چُون زَر پاک شَو │ پیش اَز آن کِه خاک گَردی، خاک شَو
26.05 322 Ghell-o ghesh begzār, chūn zar pāk shav │ pīsh az ān ke khāk gardī, khāk shav
Leave rancor and deceit behind; become pure as gold. Become humble as earth before you return to dust.
حِرْص بِگُذار و قَناعَت پیشِه کُن │ آخِر اَز مُردَن یَکی اَندیشِه کُن
26.06 323 Ḥerṣ begzār-o qanāʿat pīshe kon │ ākhar az mordan yakī andīshe kon
Give up greed and practice contentment; take a moment to reflect on death.
دَر عَلاماتِ مُدْبِر
27 Signs of Misfortune
چار چیز آمَد نِشانِ مُدْبِری │ یاد گیرَش گَر تُو روشَن‌خاطِری
27.01 324 Chār chīz āmad neshān-e modberī │ yād gīrash gar to rowshan-khāṭerī
Four things mark a person headed for misfortune; remember them if your mind is clear.
مُدْبِری باشَد بِه اَبْلَه مَشْوَرَت │ هَم بِه جاهِل دادَنِ سیم و زَرَت
27.02 325 Modberī bāshad be ablah mashvarat │ ham be jāhel dādan-e sīm-o zarat
It is folly to seek a fool's advice or hand your silver and gold to the ignorant.
هَر کِه پَنْدِ دوسْتان نَکُنَد قَبول │ دَر حَقیقَت مُدْبِرَسْت آن بوالفُضول
27.03 326 Har ke pand-e dūstān nakonad qabūl │ dar ḥaqīqat modberast ān bū-l-fożūl
That meddlesome person who refuses friends' counsel is truly headed for misfortune.
هَر کِه اَز دُنیا نَگیرَد عِبْرَتی │ هَسْت اَز آن مُدْبِر، جَهان را نِفْرَتی
27.04 327 Har ke az donyā nagīrad ʿebratī │ hast az ān modber, jahān rā nefratī
If someone learns nothing from the world, the world comes to despise that ill-fated person.
مَشْوَرَت هَر کَس کِه با اَبْلَه کُنَد │ دیوِ مَلْعونَش سَگِ گُمْرَه کُنَد
27.05 328 Mashvarat har kas ke bā ablah konad │ dīv-e malʿūnash sag-e gomrah konad
The accursed demon turns anyone who consults a fool into a wandering dog.
آن کِه مالِ خُود دِهَد با جاهِلان │ آن‌چُنان کَس کِی شَوَد اَز مُقْبِلان؟
27.06 329 Ān ke māl-e khod dehad bā jāhelān │ ān-chenān kas key shavad az moqbelān?
How could someone who gives wealth to the ignorant be counted among the fortunate?
زَر چُو اَبْلَه را هَمی‌آیَد بِه کَف │ می‌کُنَد اِسْراف و می‌سازَد تَلَف
27.07 330 Zar chū ablah rā hamī-āyad be kaf │ mī-konad esrāf-o mī-sāzad talaf
When gold falls into a fool's hands, he squanders and wastes it.
نَشْنَوَد اَز دوسْت اَبْلَه پَنْد را │ اَز جَهالَت بِگْسَلَد پَیْوَنْد را
27.08 331 Nashnavad az dūst ablah pand rā │ az jahālat begsalad peyvand rā
A fool will not hear a friend's advice and breaks the bond through ignorance.
عِبْرَتی گیر اَز زَمانِه، اِی جَوان │ تا نَباشی اَز شُمارِ اَبْلَهان
27.09 332 ʿEbratī gīr az zamāne, ey javān │ tā nabāshī az shomār-e ablahān
Learn from what time brings, young friend, so you are not counted among fools.
هَر کِه را اَز عَقْل آگاهی بُوَد │ نَزْدِ او اِدْبار گُمْراهی بُوَد
27.10 333 Har ke rā az ʿaql āgāhī bovad │ nazd-e ū edbār gomrāhī bovad
One who understands reason sees misfortune in losing the way.
دَر بَیانِ آنکِه حَقیر داشْتَن نَبایَد
28 Four Things Not to Dismiss
چار چیز آمَد بُزُرْگ و مُعْتَبَر │ می‌نَمایَد خُرْد، لیکِن دَر نَظَر
28.01 334 Chār chīz āmad bozorg-o moʿtabar │ mī-namāyad khord, līken dar naẓar
Four things matter greatly, though at first sight they seem small.
زآن، یَکی خَصْمَت و دیگَر آتَشَسْت │ باز بیماری کَز او دِل ناخُوشَسْت
28.02 335 Zān, yakī khasmat-o dīgar ātashast │ bāz bīmārī kaz ū del nākhoshast
One is your enemy, another is fire, and a third is the illness that troubles your heart.
چارُمین دانِش کِه آرایَد تُرا │ این هَمِه تا خُرْد نَنُمایَد تُرا
28.03 336 Chāromīn dānesh ke ārāyad torā │ īn hame tā khord nanomāyad torā
The fourth is knowledge, which adorns you; do not imagine any of these is insignificant.
هَر کِه دَر چَشْمَش عَدُو باشَد حَقیر │ اَز بَلایِ او کُنَد روزی نَفیر
28.04 337 Har ke dar chashmash ʿadov bāshad ḥaqīr │ az balā-ye ū konad rūzī nafīr
Whoever thinks an enemy harmless may one day cry out under that enemy's blows.
ذَرِّه‌ای آتَش چُو شُد اَفْروخْتِه │ بینی اَز وَی عالَمی را سوخْتِه
28.05 338 Zarre-ī ātash chū shod afrūkhte │ bīnī az vey ʿālamī rā sūkhte
A tiny spark, once kindled, can burn an entire world before your eyes.
عِلْم اَگَر اَندَک بُوَد، خوارَش مَدار │ زآنکِه دارَد عِلْم قَدْری بی‌شُمار
28.06 339 ʿElm agar andak bovad, khwārash madār │ zānke dārad ʿelm qadrī bī-shomār
Do not despise a little learning: knowledge has value beyond measure.
رَنْجِ اَندَک را بِکُن غَم‌خوارِگی │ وَرنِه بینی عَجْز دَر بیچارِگی
28.07 340 Ranj-e andak rā bekon gham-khwāregī │ varne bīnī ʿajz dar bīchāregī
Take care of a small ailment, or helplessness may follow when it grows.
دَرْدِ سَر را گَر نَجویَد کَس عِلاج │ خَوْفِ آن باشَد کِه بَد گَردَد مِزاج
28.08 341 Dard-e sar rā gar najūyad kas ʿelāj │ khowf-e ān bāshad ke bad gardad mezāj
If a headache goes untreated, there is reason to fear the condition may worsen.
باش اَز قَوْلِ مُخالِف بَر حَذَر │ پیش اَز آن کَز پا دَرآیی، اِی پِسَر
28.09 342 Bāsh az qowl-e mokhālef bar ḥazar │ pīsh az ān kaz pā darāyī, ey pesar
Take care with an adversary's words before they bring you down, my son.
آتَشِ اَندَک تَوان کُشْتَن بِه آب │ وای آن ساعَت کِه گیرَد اِلْتِهاب
28.10 343 Ātash-e andak tavān koshtan be āb │ vāy ān sāʿat ke gīrad eltehāb
A small fire can be put out with water; beware when it bursts into flame.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه چار چیزِ دیگَر را می‌زایَد
29 Four Traits and Their Consequences
اِی پِسَر، هَر کَس کِه دارَد چار چیز │ چارِ دیگَر هَم شَوَد مَوْجود نیز
29.01 344 Ey pesar, har kas ke dārad chār chīz │ chār-e dīgar ham shavad mowjūd nīz
My son, whoever has four particular traits will find four consequences arising from them.
عاقِبَت رُسْوایی آیَد اَز لَجاج │ خَشْم را نَکُنَد پَشیمانی عِلاج
29.02 345 ʿĀqebat rosvāyī āyad az lajāj │ khashm rā nakonad pashīmānī ʿelāj
Stubbornness ends in disgrace; regret cannot undo the harm of anger.
بی‌گُمان اَز کِبْر خیزَد دُشْمَنی │ حاصِل آیَد خواری اَز کاهِل‌تَنی
29.03 346 Bī-gomān az kebr khīzad doshmanī │ ḥāṣel āyad khwārī az kāhel-tanī
Arrogance surely breeds enmity, and idleness leads to humiliation.
چُون لَجوجی دَر مِیان پَیْدا شَوَد │ بَنْدِه اَز شومیِ او رُسْوا شَوَد
29.04 347 Chūn lajūjī dar miyān peydā shavad │ bande az shūmī-ye ū rosvā shavad
When obstinacy appears, its evil influence brings a person to disgrace.
خَشْمِ خُود را چُونکِه رانْد جاهِلی │ جُز پَشیمانیَش نَبُوَد حاصِلی
29.05 348 Khashm-e khod rā chūnke rānd jāhelī │ joz pashīmānī-ash nabovad ḥāṣelī
When an ignorant person lets anger run free, regret is all it yields.
هَر کِه کَرد اَز کِبْر بالا گَرْدَنَش │ دوسْتان گَرْدَنْد آخِر دُشْمَنَش
29.06 349 Har ke kard az kebr bālā gardanash │ dūstān gardand ākhar doshmanash
Whoever lifts his head in pride will find that his friends become enemies.
کاهِلی را هَر کِه سازَد پیشِه‌ای │ آیَد اَز خواری بِه پایَش تیشِه‌ای
29.07 350 Kāhelī rā har ke sāzad pīshe-ī │ āyad az khwārī be pāyash tīshe-ī
Whoever makes laziness a habit will feel humiliation strike at his feet like an axe.
خَشْمِ خُود را گَر فُرو نَخورَد کَسی │ عاقِبَت بینَد پَشیمانی بَسی
29.08 351 Khashm-e khod rā gar forū nakhorad kasī │ ʿāqebat bīnad pashīmānī basī
Whoever cannot swallow anger will meet with much regret in the end.
هَر کِه او اَز تَنْبَلی باشَد بَلید │ بَر قَفایَش شایَد اَر سیلی رَسید
29.09 352 Har ke ū az tanbalī bāshad balīd │ bar qafāyash shāyad ar sīlī rasīd
If laziness has left someone dull, the poet says a slap on the back of the head would come as no surprise.
هَر کِه او اُفْتادِه‌ای تَنْ‌پَرْوَرَسْت │ نیسْت اِنْسان، کَمْتَر اَز گاو و خَرَسْت
29.10 353 Har ke ū oftāde-ī tan-parvarast │ nīst ensān, kamtar az gāv-o kharast
Whoever lives only to pamper the body, the poet says, sinks below an ox or donkey.
دَر چار چیز کِه کَم بَقا دارَد
30 Four Things That Do Not Last
چار چیز، اِی خواجِه، کَم دارَد بَقا │ گوش دار، اِی مُؤْمِنِ نیکولِقا
30.01 354 Chār chīz, ey khwāje, kam dārad baqā │ gūsh dār, ey moʾmen-e nīkū-leqā
Four things do not last long, good sir; listen, kind-faced believer.
جَوْرِ سُلْطان را بَقا کَمْتَر بُوَد │ پَس عِتابِ دوسْتان خُوشْتَر بُوَد
30.02 355 Jowr-e solṭān rā baqā kamtar bovad │ pas ʿetāb-e dūstān khoshtar bovad
A ruler's cruelty soon ends, and a friend's reproach is easier to bear.
دیگَر آن مِهْری کِه باشَد اَز زَنان │ بی‌بَقا چُون صُحْبَتِ ناجِنْس دان
30.03 356 Dīgar ān mehrī ke bāshad az zanān │ bī-baqā chūn ṣoḥbat-e nājens dān
Next, the poem calls a woman's affection short-lived, like companionship with an ill-matched person.
با رَعِیَّت چُون کُنَد سُلْطان سِتَم │ مَر وَرا باشَد بَقا دَر مُلْک کَم
30.04 357 Bā raʿīyyat chūn konad solṭān setam │ mar varā bāshad baqā dar molk kam
When a ruler oppresses the people, his reign will be short.
گَر تُرا اَز دوسْتان آیَد عِتاب │ کَم بَقا دارَد چُو خَط بَر رویِ آب
30.05 358 Gar torā az dūstān āyad ʿetāb │ kam baqā dārad chū khaṭṭ bar rūy-e āb
A friend's reproach soon passes, like a line drawn on water.
گَرچِه باشَد زَن زَمانی مِهْرَبان │ چُون کَم آیَد بَهْرِه، بِگْشایَد زَبان
30.06 359 Garche bāshad zan zamānī mehrabān │ chūn kam āyad bahre, begshāyad zabān
The poem says that even an affectionate woman may speak sharply when her share is reduced.
چُون بِه ناجِنْسان نِشینَد آدَمی │ کَمْتَرَک بینَد اَز ایشان هَمْدَمی
30.07 360 Chūn be nājensān neshīnad ādamī │ kamtarak bīnad az īshān hamdamī
A person who sits with ill-matched companions will find little true companionship there.
زاغ چُون فارِغ زِ بویِ گُل شَوَد │ نِفْرَتَش اَز صُحْبَتِ بُلْبُل شَوَد
30.08 361 Zāgh chūn fāregh ze būy-e gol shavad │ nefratash az ṣoḥbat-e bolbol shavad
When the crow loses interest in the scent of flowers, even the nightingale's company repels it.
صُحْبَتِ ناجِنْس جانْ‌کاهی بُوَد │ جُمْلِه را زین حال آگاهی بُوَد
30.09 362 Ṣoḥbat-e nājens jān-kāhī bovad │ jomle rā zīn ḥāl āgāhī bovad
The company of those who do not suit you wears the spirit down; everyone knows this feeling.
چُون تُرا ناجِنْس آیَد دَر نَظَر │ اِی پِسَر، چُون باد اَز وَی دَرگُذَر
30.10 363 Chūn torā nājens āyad dar naẓar │ ey pesar, chūn bād az vey dargozar
When you meet such an ill-matched person, my son, pass by like the wind.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه اَز چار چیزِ دیگَر تَمام باشَد
31 Four Things Brought to Completion
چار چیز اَز چارِ دیگَر شُد تَمام │ چُون شِنیدی یاد می‌دار، اِی غُلام
31.01 364 Chār chīz az chār-e dīgar shod tamām │ chūn shenīdī yād mī-dār, ey gholām
Four things reach completion through four others; remember this when you hear it, young man.
دانِشِ مَرد اَز خِرَد گیرَد کَمال │ اَز عَمَل نِیَّت هَمی‌یابَد جَمال
31.02 365 Dānesh-e mard az kherad gīrad kamāl │ az ʿamal niyyat hamī-yābad jamāl
Knowledge matures through reason, and intention gains beauty through action.
دینَت اَز پَرْهیز کامِل می‌شَوَد │ نِعْمَتَت اَز شُکْر شامِل می‌شَوَد
31.03 366 Dīnat az parhīz kāmel mī-shavad │ neʿmatat az shokr shāmel mī-shavad
Your faith is perfected through restraint, and your blessings are made abundant by gratitude.
هَسْت دانِش را کَمالات اَز خِرَد │ نِیَّتَت را بی‌عَمَل کَس نَنْگَرَد
31.04 367 Hast dānesh rā kamālāt az kherad │ niyyatat rā bī-ʿamal kas nangarad
Reason gives learning its fullness; without action, no one sees your good intentions.
شُکْر، نِعْمَت را کَمالی می‌دِهَد │ غافِلان را گوشْمالی می‌دِهَد
31.05 368 Shokr, neʿmat rā kamālī mī-dehad │ ghāfelān rā gūshmālī mī-dehad
Gratitude brings a blessing to fullness and gives the heedless a lesson.
شُکْر ناکَردَن زَوالِ نِعْمَتَسْت │ بَهْرِهٔ شاکِر کَمالِ نِعْمَتَسْت
31.06 369 Shokr nākardan zavāl-e neʿmatast │ bahre-ye shāker kamāl-e neʿmatast
Failing to give thanks lets a blessing fade; the grateful person's share is its fullness.
عِلْم را بی‌عَقْل نَتَوان کاربَسْت │ پیشِ بی‌عَقْلان نَمی‌بایَد نِشَسْت
31.07 370 ʿElm rā bī-ʿaql natavān kār bast │ pīsh-e bī-ʿaqlān namī-bāyad neshast
Knowledge cannot be put to work without reason; do not sit among those who refuse it.
بی‌خِرَد، دانِش وَبالَسْت، اِی پِسَر │ عِلْم مُرْغ و عَقْل بالَسْت، اِی پِسَر
31.08 371 Bī-kherad, dānesh vabālast, ey pesar │ ʿelm morgh-o ʿaql bālast, ey pesar
Without reason, knowledge is a burden, my son; knowledge is the bird, and reason its wing.
هَر کِه عِلْمی دارَد و نَبُوَد بَر آن │ اَز طَریقِ عَقْل باشَد بَر کَران
31.09 372 Har ke ʿelmī dārad-o nabovad bar ān │ az ṭarīq-e ʿaql bāshad bar karān
Whoever has learning but does not live by it remains far from reason's path.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه بازگَرْدانیدَنِ آن‌ها مُحالَسْت
32 Four Things That Cannot Be Recalled
چار چیزَسْت آن کِه بَعْد اَز رَفْتَنَش │ اَز مُحالاتَسْت باز آوَردَنَش
32.01 373 Chār chīzast ān ke baʿd az raftanash │ az moḥālātast bāz āvardanash
There are four things that, once gone, cannot be brought back.
چُون حَدیثی رَفْت ناگَه بَر زَبان │ یا کِه تیری جَسْت بیرون اَز کَمان
32.02 374 Chūn ḥadīthī raft nāgah bar zabān │ yā ke tīrī jast bīrūn az kamān
A word suddenly spoken, or an arrow loosed from the bow, is gone.
باز چُون آری حَدیثِ گُفْتِه را؟ │ کَس نَگَرْدانَد قَضایِ رَفْتِه را
32.03 375 Bāz chūn ārī ḥadīth-e gofte rā? │ kas nagardānad qażā-ye rafte rā
How could you take back a word already said? No one can reverse what fate has decreed.
باز کِی گَرْدَد چُو تیر اَنداختی؟ │ هَمْچُنین عُمْری کِه ضایِع ساخْتی
32.04 376 Bāz key gardad chū tīr andākhtī? │ hamchenīn ʿomrī ke żāyeʿ sākhtī
An arrow you have shot cannot return; neither can a lifetime you have wasted.
هَر کِه بی‌اَندیشِه گُفْتارَش بُوَد │ پَس نَدامَت‌هایِ بِسیارَش بُوَد
32.05 377 Har ke bī-andīshe goftārash bovad │ pas nadāmat-hā-ye besyārash bovad
Whoever speaks without thinking will have many regrets afterward.
تا نَگُفْتی می‌تَوانی گُفْتَنَش │ چُون بِگُفْتی کِی تَوان بِنْهُفْتَنَش؟
32.06 378 Tā nagoftī mī-tavānī goftanash │ chūn begoftī key tavān benhoftanash?
While it is unsaid, you may choose to say it; once spoken, how can you hide it?
عُمْر را می‌دان غَنیمَت هَر نَفَس │ چُون رَوَد دیگَر نَیایَد باز پَس
32.07 379 ʿOmr rā mī-dān ghanīmat har nafas │ chūn ravad dīgar nayāyad bāz pas
Treasure every breath of life; when it passes, it never comes back.
هیچ کَس اَز خُود قَضا را رَد نَکَرد │ هَر کِه راضی اَز قَضا شُد بَد نَکَرد
32.08 380 Hīch kas az khod qażā rā radd nakard │ har ke rāżī az qażā shod bad nakard
No one can turn back the decree of fate; one who accepts it does well.
هَر کِه می‌خواهَد کِه باشَد دَر اَمان │ مُهْر می‌بایَد نِهادَن بَر دَهان
32.09 381 Har ke mī-khwāhad ke bāshad dar amān │ mohr mī-bāyad nehādan bar dahān
Whoever wishes to stay safe must know when to seal their lips.
می‌سِزَد گَر عُمْر را داری عَزیز │ چُون رَوَد پیشَش نَخواهی دید نیز
32.10 382 Mī-sezad gar ʿomr rā dārī ʿazīz │ chūn ravad pīshash nakhwāhī dīd nīz
You have good reason to cherish life; once it goes, you will not see it again.
دَر صِفَتِ چار چیز کِه اَز چار چیزِ دیگَر می‌آیَد
33 Four Outcomes of Four Practices
حاصِل آیَد چار چیز اَز چار چیز │ یاد دار اَز این نُکْتِه اَز مَن، اِی عَزیز
33.01 383 Ḥāṣel āyad chār chīz az chār chīz │ yād dār az īn nokte az man, ey ʿazīz
Four things arise from four others; remember this point from me, dear one.
خامُشی را هَر کِه سازَد پیشِه‌ای │ دَر جَهان نَبُوَد زِ کَس اَندیشِه‌ای
33.02 384 Khāmushī rā har ke sāzad pīshe-ī │ dar jahān nabovad ze kas andīshe-ī
Whoever makes silence a habit need fear no one in the world.
اَز سَخاوَت مَرد یابَد سَرْوَری │ شُکْر، نِعْمَت را دِهَد اَفْزون‌تَری
33.03 385 Az sakhāvat mard yābad sarvarī │ shokr, neʿmat rā dehad afzūn-tarī
Generosity wins a person respect; gratitude causes blessings to grow.
گَر سَلامَت بایَدَت، خاموش باش │ گَشْت اَیمَن هَر کِه نیکی کَرد فاش
33.04 386 Gar salāmat bāyadat, khāmūsh bāsh │ gasht eyman har ke nīkī kard fāsh
If you seek safety, guard your speech; a person who lets good deeds be seen has found security.
هَر کِه او ساکِت شُد و خاموش کَرد │ اَز سَلامَت کِسْوَتی بَر دوش کَرد
33.05 387 Har ke ū sāket shod-o khāmūsh kard │ az salāmat kesvatī bar dūsh kard
Whoever holds their tongue puts on a cloak of safety.
گَر هَمی‌خواهی کِه باشی دَر اَمان │ رُو نِکویی کُن تُو با خَلْقِ جَهان
33.06 388 Gar hamī-khwāhī ke bāshī dar amān │ row nekūyī kon to bā khalq-e jahān
If you want to live in safety, go and treat the people of the world well.
هَر کِه را عادَت شَوَد جود و کَرَم │ دَر مِیانِ خَلْق گَرْدَد مُحْتَرَم
33.07 389 Har ke rā ʿādat shavad jūd-o karam │ dar miyān-e khalq gardad moḥtaram
Whoever makes generosity a habit earns respect among people.
هَر کِه کارِ نیک یا بَد می‌کُنَد │ آن هَمِه می‌دان کِه با خُود می‌کُنَد
33.08 390 Har ke kār-e nīk yā bad mī-konad │ ān hame mī-dān ke bā khod mī-konad
Know that whatever good or ill someone does, they do to themselves as well.
اِی بَرادَر، بَنْدِهٔ مَعْبود باش │ تا تَوانی با سَخا و جود باش
33.09 391 Ey barādar, bande-ye maʿbūd bāsh │ tā tavānī bā sakhā-o jūd bāsh
My brother, serve the One you worship and give generously whenever you can.
باش اَز بُخْلِ بَخیلان بَر حَذَر │ تا نَسوزَد مَر تُرا نارِ سَقَر
33.10 392 Bāsh az bokhl-e bakhīlān bar ḥazar │ tā nasūzad mar torā nār-e saqar
Beware the stinginess of the stingy, lest the fire of Saqar burn you.
دَر بَیانِ حاصِل شُدَنِ چار چیز اَز چار چیز
34 Four Acts and Their Results
چار چیزَت بَر دِهَد اَز چار چیز │ نَشْنَوَد این نُکْتِه جُز اَهْلِ تَمیز
34.01 393 Chār chīzat bar dehad az chār chīz │ nashnavad īn nokte joz ahl-e tamīz
Four things yield four results; only the discerning will heed this lesson.
هَر کِه زو صادِر شَوَد این چار کار │ بینَد آن چارِ دیگَر بی‌اِخْتِیار
34.02 394 Har ke zū ṣāder shavad īn chār kār │ bīnad ān chār-e dīgar bī-ekhtiyār
Whoever commits these four acts will see four consequences follow, whether they wish it or not.
هَر کِه دَر پایانِ کاری نَنْگَرَد │ عاقِبَت روزی پَشیمانی خُورَد
34.03 395 Har ke dar pāyān-e kārī nangarad │ ʿāqebat rūzī pashīmānī khorad
Whoever fails to consider how a matter will end will one day taste regret.
هَر کِه نَکُنَد اِحْتِیاطِ کارها │ بَر دِلَش آخِر نِشینَد بارها
34.04 396 Har ke nakonad eḥtiyāṭ-e kār-hā │ bar delash ākhar neshīnad bār-hā
Whoever handles matters without care will eventually carry their burden in the heart.
هَر کِه او اِستیزِه با سُلْطان کُنَد │ کارِ خُود را سَر بِه سَر ویران کُنَد
34.05 397 Har ke ū estīze bā solṭān konad │ kār-e khod rā sar be sar vīrān konad
Whoever picks a fight with a ruler may bring all their affairs to ruin.
هَر کِه او یاغی شَوَد با پادْشاه │ روزِ او چُون تیرِه‌شَب گَرْدَد سِیاه
34.06 398 Har ke ū yāghī shavad bā pādeshāh │ rūz-e ū chūn tīre-shab gardad siyāh
For one who rebels against the king, daylight turns dark as night.
هَر کِه گَشْت اَز خویِ بَد ناسازِگار │ دوسْتان اَز وَی کُنَنْد بی‌شَک فِرار
34.07 399 Har ke gasht az khūy-e bad nāsāzgār │ dūstān az vey konand bī-shakk ferār
If a bad temper makes someone impossible to live with, friends will surely flee.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه آدَمی را شِکَسْت آرَد
35 Four Burdens That Break a Person
آدَمی را چار چیز آرَد شِکَسْت │ با تُو گویَم، گوش دار اِی حَق‌پَرَسْت
35.01 400 Ādamī rā chār chīz ārad shekast │ bā to gūyam, gūsh dār ey Ḥaqq-parast
Four things can break a person; listen as I name them, worshipper of God.
دُشْمَنِ بِسیار و وامِ بی‌شُمار │ شُغْلِ بی‌حَدّ و عِیالِ بی‌قِطار
35.02 401 Doshman-e besyār-o vām-e bī-shomār │ shoghl-e bī-ḥadd-o ʿiyāl-e bī-qeṭār
Many enemies, debts beyond counting, endless work, and an endless line of dependents.
وایِ مِسْکین کِه غَرْقِ وام شُد! │ هَر دَمی اَز غُصِّه خون‌آشام شُد
35.03 402 Vāy-e meskīn ke gharq-e vām shod! │ har damī az ghoṣṣe khūn-āshām shod
Pity the poor soul drowning in debt, swallowing bitter sorrow with every breath.
هَر کِه را بِسیار باشَد دُشْمَنَش │ خیرِه گَرْدَد هَر دو چَشْمِ روشَنَش
35.04 403 Har ke rā besyār bāshad doshmanash │ khīre gardad har do chashm-e rowshanash
With enemies on every side, even a person's clear eyes grow dazed.
هَر کِه را اَشْغالِ بِسیارَش بُوَد │ دَر زَمانِه زاریِ کارَش بُوَد
35.05 404 Har ke rā ashghāl-e besyārash bovad │ dar zamāne zārī-ye kārash bovad
A person burdened by too many affairs will find those affairs in a sorry state.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه اَز خَطاهاسْت
36 Four Mistakes
چار چیزَسْت اَز خَطاها، اِی پِسَر │ گوش دارَش، با تُو گویَم سَر بِه سَر
36.01 405 Chār chīzast az khaṭā-hā, ey pesar │ gūsh dārash, bā to gūyam sar be sar
Four things are counted as mistakes, my son; listen as I tell them to you in turn.
اَوَّل اَز زَن داشْتَن چَشْمِ وَفا │ سادِه‌دِل را بَس خَطا باشَد خَطا
36.02 406 Avval az zan dāshtan chashm-e vafā │ sāde-del rā bas khaṭā bāshad khaṭā
The poem calls expecting faithfulness from a woman the first mistake, and says the naive make many such errors.
اَیمَنی اَز بَد خَطایِ دیگَرَسْت │ صُحْبَتِ صِبْیان اَز این‌ها بَدْتَرَسْت
36.03 407 Eymanī az bad khaṭā-ye dīgarast │ ṣoḥbat-e ṣebyān az īn-hā badtarast
Feeling safe from harm is another mistake; the poet regards keeping company with boys as worse.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه اَز عَطاهایِ خُداسْت
37 Four Gifts from God
چار چیزَسْت اَز عَطاهایِ کَریم │ با تُو گویَم، یاد گیرَش اِی سَلیم
37.01 408 Chār chīzast az ʿaṭā-hā-ye karīm │ bā to gūyam, yād gīrash ey salīm
Four gifts come from the Generous One; I will tell you, so remember them, clear-hearted friend.
فَرْضِ حَقّ اَوَّل بِه جای آوَردَنَسْت │ والِدَیْن اَز خویش راضی کَردَنَسْت
37.02 409 Farż-e Ḥaqq avval be jāy āvardanast │ vāledeyn az khwīsh rāżī kardanast
First, fulfill what God requires; next, give your parents reason to be pleased with you.
حُکْمِ دیگَر چیسْت؟ با شَیْطان جِهاد │ چارُمَش نیکی بِه خَلْقِ نامُراد
37.03 410 Ḥokm-e dīgar chīst? Bā sheyṭān jahād │ chāromash nīkī be khalq-e nāmorād
What comes next? Struggle against Satan. Fourth, show kindness to people facing disappointment.
دَر بَیانِ چار چیز کِه عُمْر را زِیاد کُنَد
38 Four Things Said to Lengthen Life
می‌فَزایَد عُمْرِ مَرد اَز چار چیز │ این نَصیحَت بِشْنَو، اِی جانِ عَزیز
38.01 411 Mī-fazāyad ʿomr-e mard az chār chīz │ īn naṣīḥat beshnav, ey jān-e ʿazīz
Four things add to a person's span of life, says the poem; hear this counsel, dear soul.
اَوَّل آوَردَن بِه گوش آوازِ خُوش │ وانْگَهی دیدَن جَمالِ ماه‌وَش
38.02 412 Avval āvardan be gūsh āvāz-e khosh │ vāngahī dīdan jamāl-e māh-vash
First, hearing a sweet voice; then, seeing a face as lovely as the moon.
سِیُّوم آمَد اَیمَنی بَر مال و جان │ می‌فَزایَد عُمْرِ مَردُم را اَز آن
38.03 413 Seyyom āmad eymanī bar māl-o jān │ mī-fazāyad ʿomr-e mardom rā az ān
Third comes safety for one's life and livelihood; the poem says this lengthens life.
آن کِه کارَش بَر مُرادِ دِل شَوَد │ دَر بَقا اَفْزونیَش حاصِل بُوَد
38.04 414 Ān ke kārash bar morād-e del shavad │ dar baqā afzūnī-ash ḥāṣel bovad
When things turn out as the heart hopes, the poem says, life gains in length.
دَر بَیانِ پَنْج چیز کِه عُمْر اَز او بِکاهَد
39 Five Things Said to Shorten Life
عُمْرِ مَردُم را بِکاهَد پَنْج چیز │ یاد دارَش چُون شِنیدی، اِی عَزیز
39.01 415 ʿOmr-e mardom rā bekāhad panj chīz │ yād dārash chūn shenīdī, ey ʿazīz
Five things shorten a person's life, says the poem; remember them, dear one.
شُد یَکی زآن پَنْج دَر پیری نِیاز │ پَس غَریبی وانْگَهی رَنْجِ دِراز
39.02 416 Shod yakī zān panj dar pīrī niyāz │ pas gharībī vāngahī ranj-e derāz
One is need in old age; then come being far from home and a long illness.
هَر کِه او بَر مُرْدِه اَنْدازَد نَظَر │ عُمْرِ او بی‌شَک بِکاهَد، اِی پِسَر
39.03 417 Har ke ū bar morde andāzad naẓar │ ʿomr-e ū bī-shakk bekāhad, ey pesar
The poem claims that looking upon the dead will shorten one's life, my son.
پَنْجُم آمَد تَرْس و بیم اَز دُشْمَنان │ عُمْر را این‌ها هَمی‌دارَد زِیان
39.04 418 Panjom āmad tars-o bīm az doshmanān │ ʿomr rā īn-hā hamī-dārad ziyān
Fifth comes fear of enemies; such fears wear down a person's life.
هَر کِه او اَز دُشْمَنان تَرْسان بُوَد │ کارِ او هَر لَحْظِه دیگَرسان بُوَد
39.05 419 Har ke ū az doshmanān tarsān bovad │ kār-e ū har laḥẓe dīgar-sān bovad
For someone afraid of enemies, every moment unsettles the course of their affairs.
اَز خُدا تَرْس و مَتَرْس اَز دُشْمَنان │ کَز هَمِه دارَد خُدایت دَر اَمان
39.06 420 Az Khodā tars-o matars az doshmanān │ kaz hame dārad Khodāyat dar amān
Fear God, not your enemies; God can keep you safe from them all.
Brief reading notes
26.05 The scan has پاک شو, “become pure,” which parallels خاک شو, “become earth,” in the next hemistich.
27.02 The scan appears to print دان where the comparison has دادن, “giving.” The coherent comparison reading is used and recorded in the guide.
30.03, 30.06, 36.02 These negative generalizations about women belong to the poem’s historical rhetoric. The English attributes them to the poem.
33.10 Saqar is a name for Hell; مر ترا is read mar torā. A separate academic witness has مر تو را, while the digital comparison text has مرا ترا.
35.05 The scan’s زار بیکارش is difficult in context. The comparison reading زاری کارش, “his affairs are in a sorry state,” is used provisionally.
36.01–36.03 The heading promises four mistakes, but the surviving three couplets do not plainly enumerate four separate examples; no missing example is supplied.
38–39 The claims that particular experiences lengthen or shorten life are presented as the poem’s statements, not medical findings.
Next volume begins with Section 40, On Five Things That Take Away Dignity, at global couplet 421.
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